Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Florida

The Evolution Of A Protein Enzyme - 2208 Words

Over the past years the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) has been debated on what exactly it is. It is known to be the start of all living things. Many scientists suggest that LUCA is simply a formation of molecular fragments that evolution has played a role on. Others argue about if LUCA was a cell or not. Overall, with the most recent research and proof, the LUCA is a complex cell in which has similar cell structure to the common cell we study today. According to intensive research, they have found storage of polyphosphate within the organelle that once was assumed to be lost in bacteria and archaea. This validation of research has proven to be in three main domains such as archaea, eukaryotes (animals, algae, plant, and etc.) and bacteria (Science Daily. 2008). Due to the commonality of this structure, there have been scientists who refer and compare to the organelle in singled-cell eukaryotes called acidocalcisome. A protein enzyme within the acidocalcisome is traced back in history that is common all throughout the bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. This protein was then used to distinctively make a so-called family tree to trace back through time through all three of these domains. This tree has shown the various different genes that were commonly related to each three domains as well as being compared to the tree constructed for the universal common ancestor. With the few distinct evidence provided, the LUCA was hypothesized to be a more complex than the mostShow MoreRelatedWhat Can Studies Of Serine Proteases Tell Us About The Relationship Between Protein Structure, Function And Evolution?887 Words   |  4 PagesWhat can studies of serine proteases tell us about the relationship between protein structure, function and evolution? Serine proteases are a group of important proteases which can fracture the peptide bond in the macromolecules and proteins. 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Literature Review on Construction of Healthcare for Aged

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review on Construction of Healthcare for Aged. Answer: Literature Review The literature review is based on a risk management plan in the construction of healthcare for aged people. The identification of risks in construction project follows a systematic way to analyze the risks and then respond to the risks in order to achieve the objectives of the project. The benefit of this risk management plan is to identify the risks and analyze it using quantitative risk analysis technique to make improvement in the construction of healthcare project (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). Contingency plan and funding are required to plan for the improvement of risks and mitigates it using best possible techniques. Introduction The healthcare sector is always under aggressive pressure to upgrade as well as enlarge their infrastructure as per the current and advanced technologies. Bromiley et al., (2015) stated that as new technology increases the demand of the aged people and patient, therefore it requires building and constructing a healthcare for them. Banerjee (2016) opined that when there is a high probability of risk in constructing of healthcare, then the risk management team should plan for managing the risk with keep in mind the health and protection of the patients. Risk Management Each of the construction projects within the healthcare sector needs risk assessment plan to give a better environment to the aged people. Therefore, pre-construction planning is required to start the project plan. Driver and Bernard (2012) discussed the healthcare construction plan should ensure people that they are following renovations of their healthcare based on rules and regulations of the healthcare sector, federal as well as local laws. Paape and Spekle (2012) pointed that during the planning process of the healthcare; firstly, the design engineers should develop high detailed design drawings of the healthcare infrastructure and then planned for further innovations. The planning process should take entire infrastructure, which supplies the construction area. Tolerance of risk Grotsch, Blome and Schleper (2013) stated that there are three various viewpoints of risk tolerance in the construction project such as project manager, stakeholder as well as the organization. The risk tolerance of the organization is based on the financial stability of the organization as well as diversification (Christoffersen, 2012). The risk tolerance of the project manager reflected security of a job as well as organizational culture. Finally, stakeholder's is based on objectives of the project plan. Sometimes, there is a failure in an interaction between project stakeholder as well as a manager. Thamhain (2013) argued that the organizations acceptance of the risk changes throughout the project duration. In the below curve, it is seen that from the week 1 to week 4, there is a constant rise in project risks. Therefore the risk management team takes proper step to reduce those risks. In week 5, week 6 and week 7, the risk decreases and finally in week 8, the risk tolerance reduc es to 2. Figure 1: Risk tolerance curve (Source: Created by author) Decision making under risk Mansfield et al., (2015) opined that the financial, as well as industry status, affects the risk tolerance of the construction project. Mace et al., (2015) argued that due to limited resources of the healthcare sector the risk management team takes a decision to overcome the issues. The risks, which are raised in the construction project, are due to over budget, lack of communication, finish late, out of scope as well as improper project management plan. Most of the participants are not agreeing with risk tolerance levels; therefore, it influences levels of a project lifecycle. With time, this risk leads to costly to the organization. Hajdu (2013) concluded that most of the risks are related to negative outcomes due to lack of understanding of risk tolerance factors. Therefore, decision making under risk is required to construct the healthcare for aged people so that the healthcare infrastructure should be constructed within time and budget as an estimate (Lam, 2014). The organizatio n should have best organization culture in order to support proper decision taking steps as well as innovation. Pre-construction plan is taken as better decision-making process for selected construction project. Risk Management Process Risk management plan Hwang, Zhao and Toh (2014) stated that in order to overcome with the risks of the construction project, at first a risk management plan is required to identify the risks in the project work. It is the responsibility of project manager to identify emerging risks. For controlling the risks, the project manager should plan for services; estimate the deadline of risks, quality assurance, and analysis of the construction contracts. Hwang and Ng (2013) discussed the risk management plan consists of three processes such as risk identification, risk response as well as risk control. These three processes are required for the construction project plan. Identification of both internal, as well as external factors, is required so that the management team should take possible steps to overcome with those risks for successfully constructs the healthcare infrastructure. Figure 2: Risk management plan (Source: Hwang Ng, 2013, pp-277) Risk Identification Kikwasi (2013) opined that risk identification determines which risks are affecting the construction project of healthcare. It should be performed on the daily basis throughout the entire project plan. Risk identification deals with both interiors as well as exterior risks of the project. Wirba, Tah and Howes (2012) concluded that the internal risks are a budget estimation and assignments of staff. The external risks are those, which are beyond the control of the project team. The tools and techniques, which are used to identify the risks, are brainstorming, survey, feedback from the employees, workshops as well as interviews (Kerzner, 2013). The risk management team identifies the following risks while constructing a healthcare for aged. Error in the design of the healthcare infrastructure: The design manager should design a healthcare infrastructure, which should meet the project goals. Hwang, Zhao and Toh (2014) pointed that error in the design of the infrastructure while designing will result in poor planning. The design of the structure is vital for any construction project plan. Risk due to not using usual construction agreements: Each of the construction project plans should follow the construction agreements. Grotsch, Blome and Schleper (2013) argued that if the construction team does not follow the construction rules and regulations, then there is a chance of a breakdown of the healthcare building. This particular healthcare project should follow strict rules based on the project plan. Schedule risk: Within estimated time, the construction of the project is not possible to do. It will influence the finish date of the plan, which gives an adverse effect on the budget (Kendrick, 2015). The time delay is due to lack of resources and improper planning. Raw materials and equipment issue: In the case of a construction project, the raw materials as well as equipment used not of best quality. Therefore, there is a chance of a breakdown of the healthcare building (Rigby Bilodeau, 2015). The management should review the quality of the raw materials before its usage. Procurement risk: There is a risk of lack of specialized expertise for the project work. Sometimes, the experts and labors work for the project have a lack of skills to design the infrastructure. As this healthcare is constructed for aged people, therefore it uses many advanced technologies equipment to build the IT infrastructure (Driver Bernard, 2012). If the labors have the lack of technical knowledge, then they are not able to construct the proper infrastructure for the project work. Security risk: The security of the blueprint of the healthcare infrastructure is required. The share of the blueprint with others as well as any third party should hamper the entire project work (Kendrick, 2015). The risk of not putting project insurance: The risks arise when the construction team is not placing project insurance when the project is valued of $1 billion. They are required to put their plan under the construction insurance program. The insurance policies of the contractor are not covering the policies under the insurance rules and regulations. Budget risk: A construction project requires a high value of cost to build the building. As it is healthcare construction plan, therefore high cost of equipment is required for the aged people to take care of their health (Pritchard PMP, 2014). However, the plan requires enough funding. Risk Analysis Wirba, Tah and Howes (2012) opined that within the construction project, scheduling of the project plan is considered as mainly critical factors. In order to analyze the identified risks, PERT technique is used to identify the duration of the risks for the project work. This technique takes part of the uncertainties, which are recognized in the construction process. Due to the risks in the project, it takes more time to complete the plan as estimated. Grotsch, Blome and Schleper (2013) stated that the PERT technique is used to carry out the schedule risk assessment of the construction project. It will stimulate the time taken by each of the risks. Then, the actual time was taken and probability to complete the plan is estimated. Hwang, Zhao and Toh (2014) stated that using the PERT technique; the construction team could identify the total duration of the identified risk in the project plan. In order to estimate the total time, at first optimistic, pessimistic and most likely time are estimated for the risks to occur. Mansfield et al., (2015) opined that optimistic time is the shortest time taken by the risk to be mitigated. Pessimistic time is the maximum time period to be taken to complete it. It has assumed that those risks can exceed the total time from the estimated time. Wirba, Tah and Howes (2012) argued that most likely is the time taken by the team to analyze it if it is repeated time by time. Qualitative risk analysis: Risk Register The risk analysis is done using the risk register matrix; the identified risks are categorized as shown in the below table. The risks are identified based on its probability and impact on the healthcare construction project plan (Driver Bernard, 2012). Each of the types of risks is ranked based on its consequences on the project plan. Risk ranking Risk types Responses Impact Likelihood Probability 1 Design error Accept Medium High Very high 2 Usual construction agreements Mitigation Medium Medium Moderate 3 Schedule risk Accept High Low Moderate 4 Raw materials and equipment risk Accept Medium High Very high 5 Procurement risk Mitigation Medium Low Moderate 6 Security risk Accept High Medium Moderate 7 Not putting insurance Avoid Low Low Low 8 Budget risk Accept Medium Medium Moderate Impact Likelihood Very low Low Medium High Very high Very high High Design error, Raw materials and equipment risk, Medium Usual construction agreements, Budget risk Security risk Low Not putting insurance Procurement risk Schedule risk Very low Figure 3: Risk register matrix (Source: Driver Bernard, 2012, pp-267) Quantitative risk analysis: PERT The following table shows the possible time taken by the team to analyze each of the risks based on its effects on the project plan. For doing the quantitative risk analysis, PERT technique is used to identify the total time taken to complete the analysis of the risks (Hajdu, 2013). The formula used to calculate the total duration for the identified risks is: te= (to + 4* tm + tp)/6 where, te= expected time to= optimistic time tm= most likely time tp= pessimistic time Risks analysis Optimistic (to) in days Most likely (tm) in days Pessimistic (tp) in days Total duration (te) in days Design error 6 12 30 14 Usual construction agreements 3 6 15 7 Schedule risk 3 9 27 11 Raw materials and equipment risk 4 19 28 18 Procurement risk 3 9 27 11 Security risk 2 5 8 5 Not putting insurance 1 4 7 4 Budget risk 6 12 30 14 Plan Risk Response Risk type Response Comment Design error Accept The Design Manager gives a response to this risk by proper designing of the blueprint of the healthcare building. Usual construction agreements Mitigation It is mitigated by following the construction agreement while constructing the buildings (Wirba, Tah Howes, 2012). Schedule risk Accept Proper estimation of schedule Raw materials and equipment risk Accept Proper collection of resources as per the construction requirements Procurement risk Mitigation Recruitment of proper experts with accurate skills and knowledge of construction (Grotsch, Blome Schleper, 2013). Security risk Accept Authorization of the information is required. Not putting insurance Avoid Insurance risks are avoided as it is based on companys requirements. If it is not required, then it cannot give bad effect on the construction (Hajdu, 2013). Budget risk Accept Proper estimation of budget Mitigating risk and avoiding risk Type of risk Risk owner Mitigation process Error in the design of the healthcare infrastructure Design Manager The manager should design an accurate blueprint for their healthcare infrastructure. Risk due to not using usual construction agreements Project Manager Proper follow and support of the construction rules and regulations should be done (Mansfield et al., 2015). Schedule risk Project Manager The person should estimate the schedule of the project plan as per the requirements of the construction work. Purchase order issue Procurement Manager The requirements equipment as well as raw materials are purchased on time otherwise, it delays the entire project duration (Hwang, Zhao Toh, 2014). Procurement risk Procurement Manager Recruitment of required skills experts is to be done. Security risk Risk Manager The data such as blueprint, financial report should be kept secured from unauthorized use of third party person. Risk of not putting project insurance Project Manager Insurance policies should be followed before starting the construction work (Thamhain, 2013). Budget risk Project Sponsor The person should estimate the budget of the project plan as per the requirements of the construction work. Contingency planning Mace et al., (2015) stated that the contingency plan for the construction project helps to mitigate the identified project risks during assessing the risks if there are chances of increasing the risk and gives an adverse effect on the healthcare project plan. Risk event Contingency plan Trigger Responsibility to make contingency plan Non-delivery of the raw materials and equipment on time Pre-ordered of the raw materials before appointment of contractors Support from the top management team Supply Manager Lack of availability of resources Recruitment of more resources is required with best skills and knowledge to work on a construction project (Kendrick, 2015). It is not solved in 1 day. Procurement Manager Risk of getting approval Early consultation with the government is required to get permission to construct the healthcare for aged people. Support from the top management team Project Manager Failure in ICT Establishment of back up procedures before failure of the ICT services (Mace et al., 2015). Failure in the equipment Project Manager Lack of equipment Required equipment should be ordered before starting the construction work. Still, it is not solved in 7 hours. Procurement Manager Lack of funds Pre-collection of a fund is to be done before a shortage of money for the project. Support from the top management team Project Sponsor Contingency funding Bromiley et al., (2015) stated that funds are covering the risks of this construction project are the contingency funds. After preparing the contingency plan, the project manager estimates the total funds required to mitigate the risks. Hajdu (2013) concluded that there are two types of the fund for the project such as budget management reserve fund. The budget reserve fund is to be set up for those risks, which are identified, and management fund for those, which are still not identified. In order to make progress in the project, the budget reserve fund for the project decreases. Based on the assumption, the following contingency funding is categorized as follows: Risk types Budget baseline Budget reserve Project budget Design error $400 $15 $415 Risk due to not using usual construction agreements $300 $16 $316 Schedule risk $200 $18 $218 Purchase order risk $200 $23 $223 Procurement risk $340 $25 $365 Security risk $450 $23 $473 Risk of not putting project insurance $230 $21 $251 Budget risk $380 $11 $391 Subtotal $2500 $152 $2652 Management reserve ------- ------ $50 Total $2500 $152 $2702 Change control management Driver and Bernard (2012) opined that change control is considered as the process which is mainly used to recognize, document as well as approve the changes to the construction project work. The change control process for this construction of healthcare project considers the following elements such as: Documentation of the proposed changes: Bromiley et al., (2015) opined that in order to overcome with the construction risks, the change request is to be documented properly such that all the management team should be informed about the change request status. Documentation of new construction rules and regulations: The new rules, as well as regulations of the construction project, should be documented such that the construction team should follow it at the time of building the healthcare infrastructure (Thamhain, 2013). Testing of the quality of raw materials: Hajdu (2013) argued that the project manager properly checks the quality of the equipment as well as raw materials such that no quality assurance risks occur in the project. Development of construction standard: Each of the construction standards is developed as per the business requirements. It should be constructed in such a way such that the place should be comfortable for the aged people. Conclusion It is concluded from the literature review is that use of new advanced technology for construction of healthcare for aged people increases their level of satisfaction. However, there is a high probability of occurrence of risks in the construction project. Therefore, the project should manage their risks by following a risk management plan. Their plan should make sure that the aged people and other people are satisfied with renovations of their healthcare based on rules and regulations, federal as well as local laws. The risk management plan consists of three processes such as risk identification, risk analysis and risk control to overcome with the risks. In order to analyze with identified risks, quantitative and qualitative risk analysis are to be done. Qualitative risk analysis is done using risk matrix, and quantitative risk analysis is done using PERT technique. It is used to carry out the schedule risk assessment of the construction project. It will stimulate the time taken by each of the risks. Finally, contingency planning and funding is done to mitigate the risks in the construction project. References Banerjee, B. (2016). Enterprise Risk Management.The MA Journal,51(3), 66-72. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A., Rustambekov, E. (2015). Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), 265-276. Chance, D. M., Brooks, R. (2015).Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Christoffersen, P. F. (2012).Elements of financial risk management. Academic Press. Driver, J., Bernard, R. (2012). Enterprise risk management. InThe SAGES manual of quality, outcomes and patient safety(pp. 529-539). Springer US. Grotsch, V. M., Blome, C., Schleper, M. C. (2013). Antecedents of proactive supply chain risk managementa contingency theory perspective.International Journal of Production Research,51(10), 2842-2867. Hajdu, M. (2013). Effects of the application of activity calendars on the distribution of project duration in PERT networks.Automation in Construction,35, 397-404. Hull, J. (2012).Risk Management and Financial Institutions,+ Web Site(Vol. 733). John Wiley Sons. Hwang, B. G., Ng, W. J. (2013). Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), 272-284. Hwang, B. G., Zhao, X., Toh, L. P. (2014). Risk management in small construction projects in Singapore: status, barriers and impact.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), 116-124. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kikwasi, G. (2013, February). Causes and effects of delays and disruptions in construction projects in Tanzania. InAustralasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building-Conference Series(Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 52-59). Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Mace, G. M., Hails, R. S., Cryle, P., Harlow, J., Clarke, S. J. (2015). Review: towards a risk register for natural capital.Journal of Applied Ecology,52(3), 641-653. Malhotra, Y. (2015). Cybersecurity Cyber-Finance Risk Management: Strategies, Tactics, Operations, , Intelligence: Enterprise Risk Management to Model Risk Management: Understanding Vulnerabilities, Threats, Risk Mitigation.Tactics, Operations, , Intelligence: Enterprise Risk Management to Model Risk Management: Understanding Vulnerabilities, Threats, Risk Mitigation (September 15, 2015). Mansfield, J. G., Caplan, R. A., Campos, J. S., Dreis, D. F., Furman, C. (2015). Using a quantitative risk register to promote learning from a patient safety reporting system.The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety,41(2), 76-76. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Mikes, A., Kaplan, R. S. (2014, October). Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. AAA. Paape, L., Spekl, R. F. (2012). The adoption and design of enterprise risk management practices: An empirical study.European Accounting Review,21(3), 533-564. Pritchard, C. L., PMP, P. R. (2014).Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Rigby, D., Bilodeau, B. (2015). Management tools trends 2015.London, Bain Company. Thamhain, H. (2013). Managing risks in complex projects.Project Management Journal,44(2), 20-35. Wirba, E. N., Tah, J. H. M., Howes, R. (2012). INTELLIGENT RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONTROL.The Organization and Management of Construction: Managing construction information, 189.

Physical Therapist Assistant (major)

My major is physical therapy. Physical therapist assistants perform their duties under the supervision of physical therapists. Core duties of physical therapist assistant include assisting patients to recover from illnesses, injuries, and surgeries. These are procedures, which help patients to manage pain and regain balance during movement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Therapist Assistant (major) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, therapies are developed to enhance mobility, reduce permanent physical disability, and improve general conditions and fitness of patients (American Dental Education Association 1). Patients could be persons with short-term or long-term physical disabilities, heart conditions, head injuries, back pain, cerebral palsy, or arthritis. A number of reasons have influenced me to major as a physical therapy assistant. Physical therapists have high–levels of educati on in the anatomy, locomotion, and operations of the body. Knowledge gained in physical therapy education helps the therapist to lessen aches, assist patients to move, avert permanent disabilities, and re-establish physical functions. Hence, a physical therapist is an important part of patient care. Foundations of therapist’s work are practical training and therapeutic activities. Patients have different needs based on their conditions. However, physical therapists aim to initiate movement or operations by activating joints or working on muscles. In addition, physical therapists also apply other methods like ultrasound, hot packs, electrotherapy, and ice to treat their patients (Kilgore College 1). Career as a physical therapist has great rewards. These specialists make a difference in individuals’ lives. Physical therapists work with patients closely and watch their progress through various stages of treatment. A physical therapist remains a rehabilitation specialist who promotes the patient’s maximal recovery and functions. The job also involves restoring mobility through fitness and wellness therapies, which improve the patient’s overall health and active life. A career as a physical therapist offers a job security. The job is resilient to economic downturns and struggling job markets. Today, the large number of aging Americans has driven the demand for physical therapists. Specifically, American baby boomers have become prone to chronic conditions and common health problems, which require them to seek services of physical therapists. The Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that the demand for physical therapists would rise by 46 percent between the year 2010 and 2020 (Bureau of Labor Statistics 1). This rate of growth is faster than the average rate of growth in the job market because of health care needs of the aging population. This is good news for students of physical therapist assistant.Advertising Looking for essay on al ternative medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The job leads to a feeling of self-fulfillment among practitioners. Physical therapists help others to regain or attain their normal movement abilities and conduct their daily life activities. Surveys have shown that physical therapy job has an overall highest job satisfaction level (American Physical Therapy Association 1). More than a three-quarter of physical therapists who take part in surveys report that they are ‘very satisfied’. Certainly, this is the only best performing health care profession in terms of job satisfaction. Physical therapists can perform their roles in any location with clients of different ages. As a result, they have a wide range of areas and settings for work, which may include outpatient clinics, private offices, hospitals, schools, sport facilities, health and fitness centers, and home health care facilities among others. Finally, physica l therapy education would elevate me to be my own boss. A large number of physical therapists work as private consultants or own their physical therapy facilities. Education is necessary for physical therapy assistant. Students should get a CAPTE-accredited two-year associate degree program (American Physical Therapy Association 1). This allows graduates to sit for a national examination for the license and allows them to join the profession of physical therapy with the necessary skill, behaviors, and knowledge. Most states need the certificate or license in order to work as physical therapist assistant. Education would ensure that a physical therapist assistant is competent, adaptable, knowledgeable, and self-assured to provide physical therapy services. Physical therapy assistant education ensures that the graduate can perform the job, gather patient’s information, ensure safety, and respond to all instructions as provided by the physical therapist in a manner that that mee ts legal, ethical, effective, and safe practices of the profession. Moreover, a physical therapist assistant requires education in order to learn how to communicate with other stakeholders, client’s family, and caregivers, as a team and cooperatively with others in the health care sector.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Therapist Assistant (major) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The career of a physical therapist assistant is exciting, flexible, and highly rewarding, but students require necessary qualifications to join the profession. Works Cited American Dental Education Association . Physical Therapist Assistant. 2012. Web. American Physical Therapy Association. Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) Education: Overview. 2013. Web. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition: Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides. 2012. Web. Kilgore College. Overview of Physical T herapist Assistant. 2013. Web. This essay on Physical Therapist Assistant (major) was written and submitted by user Fisher D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Public Relations Campaign Strategy Newlandia Education Foundation

Executive Summary This proposal identifies NEF public relations needs and recommend that a four-month communication campaign strategy will enhance awareness opportunities for NEF. NEF enjoys poor public recognition and awareness and without proper public relations corrective measures, NEF funding and donations activities may remain poor and inadequate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Relations Campaign Strategy: Newlandia Education Foundation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, this communication campaign strategy aims at enabling NEF increase its profile awareness among the Newlandia publics: population, industry and business sector, and private business sector. Situation analysis identifies issues NEF face, strengths and opportunities NEF possess. Recommendations are made that are perceived to be measurable, specific, and achievable for NEF. The proposed communication strategy identifies differen t publics that include Newlandia population, industry and business sector, and private business sector. The publics are further categorized based on aspects of; geography, socio-economic, cultural and language. This is done to ensure each designing and implementation of campaign messages fits well in each public. Communication strategy and tactics to be employed in this campaign are varied according to the publics identified, where also communication theories are extensively used in designing communication messages, choosing the communication strategy, and recommending the particular communication tactic. Evaluation of the entire campaign strategy incorporates both qualitative and quantitative techniques through field surveys undertaken in the third month. Therefore, it can be noted that NEF campaign strategy is premised on persuasive strategies, which are seen to be appropriate to NEF at the moment. Public relations campaign strategy: Newlandia Education Foundation Situation Analys is Educational and literacy priorities are two key elements that have been identified for socio-economic advancement of Newlandia people. One NGO in Newlandia remain pivotal to this goal and its name is Newlandia Education Foundation (NEF). NEF was established in early 1900s originally by the Newlandia Trust Hope. Missionaries were pioneer of this organization and throughout its activities; NEF does not discriminate against race, sex, religion, and economic positions of the citizens.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As its activities become pronounced in Newlandia, NEF has had to address the persistent issues of lack of enough schools in regions of Rajan, Calina and Shalel, together with compounding issues of under-resources such as inadequate books, less furniture, inadequate teaching and stationary materials. NEF resources greatly emanate from World Help agency, partly go vernment funding through community grants and donations from well-wishers. Realizing NEF goals of education and literacy for Newlandia population is not easy as numerous obstacles stand in the way. However, one source of strength for the organization is exhibited in having strong vision and mission, which function to give the organization clear direction of conducting its activities. Despite numerous hurdles, NEF today prides itself in having successfully seen one of its student beneficiary join university. It can be said that NEF’s future success of its operations rests on setting clear and achievable goals. By carrying out evaluation of its current activities and the overall operation environment, it can be said that NEF’s future success lies in having enough resources, possessing powerful image and brand, and successfully integrating key stakeholders into its activities. NEF activities can also be explained in the wider social, political, and economical aspects of N ewlandia. Newlandia remain one of socially divided regions manifested in the quality of life and living standards of its people. For example, the northern part of Newlandia boosts vast industries that act as economic heartbeat of the region (Newlandia Government n.d). Western region is largely occupied by wealth people who live affluent lives, while the southern region is inhabited by majority of poor people. Population of Newlandia also varies with some areas experiencing overpopulation while others remaining under-populated. The north region has estimated population of 250, 000 people, boost numerous industries and the capital city is Velen. The western area has 250,000 people, majority are wealthy and influential families, while main city is the Lopeto. On its part, Batak and its environs have an estimated population of 1.5 million, shipping industry is thriving, employment is high, and English is the widely spoken language.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Relations Campaign Strategy: Newlandia Education Foundation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The southern area boost a population of about 750,000 people, fishing is the main activity, majority are unemployed, uneducated, speak different dialects and have passion for education. Newlandia economy can be described to be young and emerging and it is largely boosted by international funding in terms of aids (Newlandia Government n.d). The region has tourism as the main economic activity, which also boosts GDP of Newlandia. Economic activities in Newlandia are based on free market economic preference where government plans for infrastructure have been neglected and prefer private sector to carry out these activities. Carrying out environmental scanning in which NEF operates certain elements are identified: NEF overall public awareness rate is low and many people do not know about activities of the organization (only 10% know about N EF and 1% know NEF’s vision and mission). This scenario has led the organization to receive little donations and support which in turn limit the overall operations of the organization. At the same time, government support for the organization is not enough, and further, NEF face stiff competition from NCF, which enjoys wide public awareness, support, and attention. Nevertheless, research carried out in Newlandia indicates that many Newlandians perceive education to be important and they prefer their children to have education. On overall, Newlandia boost in having numerous primary schools but secondary education remain inadequate, as resources to support secondary education are limited and inadequate. Lastly, government extensively uses English language as the official language but it is rarely spoken outside major cities. In the larger Newlandia area, fifteen languages are used and it is this aspect that campaign messages should be delivered in appropriate languages to the t argeted publics. Combine all these and link them to NEF, as an organization that depends on goodwill and the final picture is NEF need to improve its profile awareness among the different publics in order to enhance its donation and contribution opportunities. SWOT Analysis for NEF Strength -People of Newlandia have shown spirit of philanthropy and are likely to support NEF activities. -Newlandians possess great hope and desire for their children to acquire education. -Government has granted NEF land rights in the South for construction of Schools. -NEF receives relative sizeable support in terms of financial and resource support from government and WorldHelp. -At the moment NCF enjoys wide public awareness and support and it is perceived that with increased public awareness activities NEF possess potential to receive such support. Weaknesses -Powerful people in Newlandia such as businessmen and politicians lack interest in community activities and support. Further, the process o f requesting such people to become NEF partners may be tedious and fruitless. -NEF for a long time has to contend with limited financial resources that generally affects its activities. -Schools in Newlandia lack primary key resources like furniture, books, and teachers, which on many occasions become impossible for NEF to fulfill. -NEF enjoys little public awareness and as an organization that depends on well-wishers donations this aspect does not resonate very well. Opportunities -Newlandia as a society prides in having some of the best opinion leaders who can support NEF awareness and support bid. These leaders include; Van On, Lakshmi Shankaran, Jacinta Greenwood, and Henry Abalone. Threats -Newlandia lacks vital infrastructures such as roads, secondary education, and water. Further, the aspect of government privatizing infrastructure development is likely to affect activities of many organizations and companies in Newlandia. Goals and objectives of the program Goals Lookin g at the wider reasons why organizations seek public relations programs, Reddi (2009) observes that organization need to build its reputation, increase awareness among people, and create influence opportunities among different publics (p.157).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further, public relations programs are premised on the goal to create a powerful image for the organization as the best among the rest (Haywood and Chartered Institute of Marketing 2005, p.13). With this understanding, goals of this public relations program will be to increase and enhance NEF public awareness among key and different publics. Second, to ensure NEF activities are publicly and widely known among many people and organizations for increased funding and general support. Third, ensure education needs of people of Newlandia are highlighted on wide-scale for appropriate action and support. Objectives The public relations campaign program will achieve the following objectives under the specified time. To create public awareness about NEF activities in different regions of Newlandia. The target is to reach about 1,600,000 people in Newlandia in three months. Public awareness regarding NEF will include its activities of supporting disadvantaged children achieve education, and how Newlandians can support and donate to NEF activities. After three months, results will be measured through quantitative techniques of field survey. To inform in three month- period, approximately 175,000 people in Northern region of Newlandia and another 175,000 people in the Western Newlandia about: hardship faced by Southern Newlandians and their inability to access education appropriately and also NEF activities in helping needy children in the region realize their education needs and how they can support NEF activities. After three months, impact of this objective will be measured using quantitative techniques in field surveys. To inform 1,000,000 people in Batak region and its environs about activities of NEF, hardships faced by Southerners, and how their can support NEF provide help to educational needs of Southerners. This is to be achieved in three months and results to be measured through quantitative techniques in field visits. To reach out to about 60% of Newlandiansà ¢â‚¬â„¢ industry and business sector through message about activities of NEF in providing education opportunities to needy children and how they can help. This objective is to be achieved in three months and outcomes to be measured through surveys using telephones and field visits. To reach out to about 60% of private industry and business people, informing them about NEF activities and its role in helping needy children attain their educational dreams and how they can support the organization’s activities. This is to be achieved in three months and outcomes measured through quantitative techniques and telephone surveys. Research Research undertaken and available findings In order to create a purpose-based public relations campaign strategy, there was prior research among key stakeholders in Newlandia. Prior research was conducted on selected representative samples among business people, politicians, opinion leaders, media people and the general population of Newlandia. Find ings from the research show that: 10% of the population posses some information and knowledge about NEF. 1% has knowledge about NEF’s mission, vision and what it does in the society. 85% indicated they had at one point donated to charity work in the recent times. 95% indicated willingness and support for child-education charity organizations. 95% of those sampled indicated that education is important for children in Newlandia, specifically for future benefits. Recommendations for future research Research pertaining to success of public relations campaign strategies remains wide and incomplete. This fact therefore suggests that additional and relevant future research work will have to be undertaken. Key recommended areas for future research include: Carry out research on what particular public relations campaign strategies successful organizations and companies adopted within Newlandia environment and how well NEF can restructure its future campaign strategies and plans. Th ere is need to conduct research on the specific media channels temporary visitors to Newlandia such as tourists and other business people utilize in order to enable NEF re-package and restructure its campaign strategies. Target Publics Budget and time constraints have been identified by NEF director Meryn Doogood to be the drawbacks of NEF. As a result, choosing the right publics to communicate to using the available limited budget will be important. Two categories of publics are identified: the general population of Newlandia, public and private corporate sector, and its players. Further, the general population of Newlandia is sub-divided geographically putting in consideration factors such as language, socio-economic and culture. The aim will be to create effective and sustainable campaign communication strategy that exhibit right content campaign messages to the identified groups of people in different parts of Newlandia. Three different publics are identified in this communicat ion campaign that will be targeted. They include Newlandia population; industry and business sector; and private and business sector. Newlandia population to be targeted includes people in Northern, Western, and Batak and its environment and subsequent Southern regions of Newlandia. The aim of communication campaign among people in these regions will be to enhance public awareness of NEF activities, increase public participation in activities of NEF, outline the various ways donations and support for NEF can be realized. Moreover, in areas like Northern, Western and Batak, the aim of targeting these populations is to ignite philanthropic spirit in the regions, increase future funding opportunities and increate their awareness of Southern plight. Key media channels in these regions include; Newlandia TV, Newlandia newspaper, Newlandia Radio International, Newlandia Times, Newlandia Broadcasting Corporation, Radio South, and Mouth of South Newspaper. The second public to be targeted i s the industry and business community in Newlandia. The target is to create increased and sustained awareness in this group to ignite their desire to participate in community work, contribute to charities, and develop philanthropic spirit. This group possesses potential for future financial security of NEF, hence needs to create their awareness of plight of needy students in South is important. The increased knowledge and technological savvy among this group makes it possible for campaigns messages to be received fast and positively. Major information sources accessed by this group include Newlandia Times and Newlandia Broadcasting Corporation. The third public is the private business and corporate sector who represent future hope and potential source of financial support, sponsorship, and philanthropic activities in Newlandia and specifically for NEF. Information exchange among this group is high, they are technology savvy individuals, and their influence in terms of corporate spon sorship is necessary for NEF. Information sources for this group include Newlandia Times and Newlandia Broadcasting Corporation. Communication Campaign Strategy Plessis (2000) observes that public relations campaign communication differs according to the various publics concerned, the money available for the campaign and the applicability of the media to the different publics (pp. 27-31). As noted earlier, NEF profile in the population is poor, funding in terms of donations is not adequate due to lack of awareness about the organization, and the overall educational disadvantages in Newlandia perform poorly as public agenda. As a result, communication campaign strategy is needed to enhance the profile of the organization to target publics, increase public awareness about the activities of NEF to increasing funding opportunities and clearly articulate educational challenges in Newlandia. Therefore, the communication strategy to be adopted will be persuasive in nature with aim to persu ade different publics into getting in NEF activities and providing necessary support. Design of persuasive messages will largely be carried out through application of communication theories such as social learning theory, agenda setting theory, semiotics theory, four model communication theory, and hierarchy of needs theory. These theories will be critical and widely used in developing specific messages that are addressed to particular publics. Moreover, the campaign will adopt a strategy of using identified key community opinion leaders who will deliver persuasive messages about plight of Newlandia children education needs, the activities carried out by NEF and how support can be facilitated. At the same time, success story of Rangi will be adopted and the student will be incorporated to talk to various publics about the problems of needy children in South, the role NEF plays in helping South people realize education for their children, and why NEF should be supported in its activi ties. Key Messages to be delivered to publics Messages will be designed in a way that its acceptance among different publics is possible and easy. Messages to be designed will be persuasive in nature addressing different categories of publics. Language to be used in developing messages will resonate with popular and widely spoken language in each region and messages will be simple and clear. Use of symbols and slogans will also be incorporated. Therefore, key messages to be delivered to different publics include: Majority of children in South region of Newlandia come from poor families with inability to access secondary education. Support is required to help South Newlandia children access education for their future. NEF is an organization enhancing education opportunities for children in South with passion to see brighter future for these children. NEF depend on donations and support of well-wishers hence it need support of many people in Newlandia. Donations can be in any form as long as they are directed to helping Southerners achieve educational goals. Tactics Different communication techniques and strategies will be used to reach the identified publics. At the same time, media agenda involving NEF will have to be managed professionally and this will take place in a positive information environment. Tactics to be employed will be premised on use of visual, printed, and oral tactics to reach to different publics. Adverts related to NEF will be put in leading media sources in Newlandia such as Newlandia Times and Mouth of South. Selected TV releases and adverts will also be sent to popular channels highlighting South situation and activities and plight of NEF. Newlandia Broadcasting Corporation and Newlandia TV will be utilized. Radio coverage will also be utilized to create awareness among people about situation of South, NEF activities, and why and how donations and support are required. Channel to be used include Newlandia Radio International and Radio South. Other communication tactics to be employed include use of billboards in target locations in Newlandia, distribution and sticking of posters on appropriate selected sites, conduct awareness open days and forums will NEF officials presenting themselves. Timeline Public relation campaign strategy operates on a timeframe which generally general constitute a system for keeping track of tasks that need to be done and those that have been completed (Heath, 2005, p.361). A Gantt chart will be adopted in this strategic proposal and as a result, it will be able to identify and apportion tasks, time and their sequence in a graphical manner (Bowen, Rowlins and Martin, 2010, pp.98-99). Timeline can be viewed in the Appendix section. Proposed timeline for the campaign Budget Budgets constraints have been identified to impede activities of NEF hence budget will be minimized to realistic levels in this communication campaign (Smith, 2005, pp. 222-223). NEF budget is sustained by funding fro m World Help and government funding. Further, well-wishers especially in the media will be approached for further support. Budgeting for the communication campaign strategy will involve every aspect that will contribute to success of the program. This will be in term of both direct and indirect costs and expenses. Budget summaries found in Appendix section. Estimated budget outline Evaluation Bowen, Rowlins, and Martin (2010), note that four concerns have to be addressed when evaluating the effectiveness of public relations campaign. The four concerns are definition of benchmark, selection of measurement tool, analysis of data, drawing of actionable conclusions and recommending, and making changes and further measuring (Bowen, Rowlins, and Martin, 2010, p.99). Evaluation of the entire campaign program will largely base on the outcomes of the set objectives. In this way, surveys will be incorporated to find out whether the public profile of NEF has increased and to achieve this, fee dback reports will be analyzed (Plooy 2004, p.312). Quantitative and qualitative measurement techniques will be adopted to estimate and measure percentage increase in awareness of NEF activities, percentage increase in awareness of plight and problems faced by Southern people, percentage in awareness of need for charity and philanthropy, percentage increase in the number of people information is relayed to, and lastly, percentage increase in the level of donations and support received after the campaign. This will take place after three months of the campaign. Reference List Bowen, S., Rowlins, B. and Martin, T., 2010. An overview to the public relations function. NY: Business Expert Press. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ_4pZYM4jYCpg=PA98dq=The+Gantt+Chart+AND+PUBLIC+RELATION+CAMPAIGN+STRATEGYhl=enei=qSpuTr6aHY2s-gaJzPXUBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false . Haywood, R. and Chartered Institute of Marketing. 2005. Corporate reputation, the brand the bottom line: powerful proven communication strategies for maximizing value. VA: Kogan Page Publishers. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=8oPRwh1EcXcCpg=PA13dq=public+relations+and+its+role+in+reputation+building,+awareness+and+influencehl=enei=UvpxTuyFE8Lt-gbRuqy7CQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=8ved=0CFIQ6AEwBw#v=onepageqf=false . Heath, R. L., 2005. Encyclopedia of public relations. NY: SAGE. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=D7-SOAQyUE0Cpg=PA361dq=Gantt+model+of+public+relationshl=enei=2BpuTp-7E8fn-gbo9aDUBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=Gantt%20model%20of%20public%20relationsf=false . Newlandia Government. N.d. Newlandia. Web. Available from: http://www.deakin.edu.au/arts-ed/creative/writing/deakinopolis/newlandia/files/government.htm . Plessis, D., 2000. Introduction to Public Relations and Advertising. Johannesburg: Juta and Company Ltd. Web. Available from: https://books.goo gle.com/books?id=dU2Yz3u9lMoCpg=PA28dq=public+relation+campaign+strategyhl=enei=wwBuTsesOcqq-gbX3uTsBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false . Plooy, G.M., 2004. Communication Research: Techniques, Methods and Applications. Johannesburg: Juta and Company Ltd. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=yaw4wSWWSJ0Cpg=PA312dq=PUBLIC+RELATION+CAMPAIGN+TARGET+PUBLICShl=enei=hi1uTr3QH8-q-Aar1Z3bAwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false . Reddi, C.V., 2009. Effective public relations and media strategy. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=yhRoWSJlXmICpg=PR13dq=public+relation+campaign+strategy+for+NGOhl=enei=EL9tTpKvNebi4QTAyMWIBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false . Smith, R.D., 2005. Strategic planning for public relations. MA: Taylor and Francis. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=uK5UKvWt38MCpg=PA221dq=G antt+model+of+public+relationshl=enei=dR5uTsW_OoOb-gbEsO39BAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepageqf=true . This essay on Public Relations Campaign Strategy: Newlandia Education Foundation was written and submitted by user Kinsey Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Guide to Ghost Month in China

A Guide to Ghost Month in China The 7th lunar month in the traditional Chinese calendar is called Ghost Month. It is said that on the first day of the month, the Gates of Hell are sprung open to allow ghosts and spirits access to the world of the living. The spirits spend the month visiting their families, feasting, and looking for victims.  There are three important days during Ghost Month, which this article will delve into. Honoring the Dead On the first day of the month, ancestors are honored with offerings of food, incense, and ghost money- paper money which is burned so the spirits can use it. These offerings are done at makeshift altars set up on sidewalks outside the house. Almost as important as honoring your ancestors, offerings to ghosts without families must be made so that they will not cause you any harm. Ghost month is the most dangerous time of the year, and malevolent spirits are on the lookout to capture souls. This makes ghost month a bad time to do activities such as evening strolls, traveling, moving house, or starting a new business. Many people avoid swimming during ghost month since there are many spirits in the water which can try to drown you. Ghost Festival The 15th day of the month is Ghost Festival, sometimes called Hungry Ghost Festival. The Mandarin Chinese name of this festival is ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€¦Æ'ç ¯â‚¬ (traditional form), or ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€¦Æ'节 (simplified form), which is pronounced zhÃ… ng yun jià ©. This is the day when the spirits are in high gear. It’s important to give them a sumptuous feast, to please them and to bring luck to the family. Taoists and Buddhists perform ceremonies on this day to ease the sufferings of the deceased. Closing Gates The last day of the month is when the Gates of Hell close  up again. The chants of Taoist priests inform the spirits that it’s time to return, and as they are confined once again to the underworld, they let out an unearthly wail of lament. Vocabulary for Ghost Month If you happen to be in China during Ghost Month, it could be fun to learn these vocabulary words! While terms like ghost money or ghost month are only applicable to Ghost Month, other words like feast or offerings can be used in casual conversation. English Pinyin Traditional Characters Simplified Characters altar shn tn ghost gu vampire jing sh ghost money zh qin incense xing ghost month gu yu feast gng pn offerings j bi

Radiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Radiation - Essay Example Finally, I could be exposed to radiation from radio nuclides ingested into the body through food, say from crops that might have taken up radioactive isotopes from the ground or soil as noted by the US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA (2012). Therefore, both natural and artificial objects could expose me to radiation. Exposure to radiation poses adverse health effects, particularly when the duration of exposure is elongated and the intensity of radiation is high. Radiation could cause cancer as tissues get exposed to radioactive elements. Secondly, when foetuses are exposed to radiation, birth defects could occur which include smaller brain size or head, mental retardation or poorly formed eyes. Finally, radiation, particularly ultraviolet radiation from the sun, causes cataracts which are the leading cause of blindness (Nadakavukaren, 2011). The sievert, Sv, is the unit of radiation weighted dose which measures the harmful potential of radiation based on the type of radiation and also the sensitivity of the body organs and tissues involved. 3. Imagine that the LADWP decided to build a power plant on the vacant land at the northwest corner of Lassen and Zelzah.   For the purposes of this exercise, they are considering one of the following three options: a coal power plant that employs 100 people, a solar plant that employs less than ten full time employees, or a nuclear power plant that produces three times the amount of energy as the other two choices. Provide 9 full sentences describing the pros and cons of the proposed options.   Focus on the environmental health issues and include at least 2 statistics in the response. The argument should be balanced and incorporate factual material from at least 3 journal articles from the database link noted above. Should LADWP opt to build a coal power plant, they could benefit from its widespread availability which further protects the environment from the pollution that could result from its transportation had it